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乡村振兴战略的多元目标要求乡村规划系统必须有效平衡刚性和弹性。英国拥有丰富的乡村规划治理经验，其规划体系“管理为主，蓝图为辅”的柔性特征对中国的空间规划改革具有启示意义。本文首先简要分析了中英乡村不同的社会经济状况，随后分别阐释了英国柔性的规划编制和管控机制。在此基础上，笔者梳理了英国在乡村保护和乡村发展两个领域的主要议题和政策举措，展示了规划实践中的刚弹平衡方法，旨在推动我国有针对性地借鉴英国的经验。
Abstract：The multifaceted goals of China's Rural Revitalization Strategy necessitate an effective balance between rigidity and flexibility within the rural planning system.England, with its extensive experience in rural planning and governance, offers valuable lessons,despite the differences in the stages of rural development between China and England. This paper begins by briefly analyzing the distinct socio-economic conditions of rural areas in China and England. It then elucidates England's flexible approach to planning formulation and development control mechanisms. This paper also reviews the main issues and policy measures in the realms of rural protection and development in England,demonstrating methods of balancing rigidity and flexibility in planning practices. The aim is to facilitate targeted learning from England's experiences for the reform of spatial planning in China.
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(1)考虑到苏格兰等地区有不同的规划体系，本文中的英国特指英格兰地区，而非联合王国。
(1)总增加值为GDP、补贴和税收的总和。
(2)由英国曼彻斯特大学教授威廉·刘易斯提出的经济学观点，指劳动力由过剩向短缺的转折点。
(1)英国行政单位类型较多。例如郡级政府含郡政务委员会（county councils）和单一管理区（unitary authorities）两类。为简明叙事，本文不逐个展开讨论，而是以行政层级概括。
(2)英国的法定规划指必须编制的规划，而非具有法律强制力的规划。
(3)详见https://www.north-norfolk.gov.uk/media/9377/north-norfolk-local-plan-proposed-submission-version-publication-stage-regulation-19-january-2022.pdf#page121。
(1)英国的村与镇同级，无必然隶属关系。
(2)多由当地政务委员会委员、中央政府指定的法定咨询机构等组成。
(3)目前英国规划主管部门名为振兴、住房与社区部（Department for Levelling Up, Housing and Communities）;2021年前名为住房、社区与地方政府部（Ministry of Housing, Communities and Local Government）;2018年名为社区和地方政府部（DCLG:Department for Communities and Local Government）,DCLG 2006年由副首相办公室（Office of Deputy PM）改组而来。鉴于此，此处以“规划部长”一词概括表示。
(4)2010—2016年，英国地方政府因规划违规总计被罚款1 200万英镑。
(1)指主管部门采用卫星图片对当地用地情况进行监督审查。
(2)指商品价格变动后产生的不可见成本。
基本信息:
DOI：10.19830/j.upi.2024.272
中图分类号:TU982.5
引用信息:
[1]忻晟熙,朱利奥·韦尔迪尼,郭青源.刚性与弹性平衡的英国乡村规划框架与政策[J].国际城市规划,2024,39(04):33-41.DOI:10.19830/j.upi.2024.272.
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2024-07-14