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本文在回顾近百年来西方城市规划理论演变的基础上,将西方城市规划理论划分为经验理性、工具理性、价值理性和沟通理性四个范式,并着重对目前西方主流的沟通式规划理论进行了简要介绍和批判性总结。本文认为,一方面,沟通式规划存在着假设前提的脆弱性、实施过程的矛盾性和实践结果的松散性三大重要缺陷,其自身的这种局限性不容忽视;另一方面,沟通式规划理论作为西方规划百年来发展的一种新形式,也有很多值得中国城市规划借鉴的地方。作者即以中国规划界研究的热门领域(也是沟通式规划经常被应用的领域)——战略规划为例,探讨了如何借鉴西方沟通式规划的理论思想和实践经验。
Abstract：Based on a review of western planning theories in the recent century, this paper divides the western history of planning thoughts into four sequential paradigms: the‘empirical rationality paradigm’,‘instrumental rationality paradigm’,‘value rationality paradigm’and‘communicative rationality paradigm’. Through a brief summarization and critical reading of the communicative planning theories, we argue that there are three major flaws of it, i.e. the frangibility of its premise, the conflicting tendencies of its implementation process, and the problematic justice of a loose end. Besides the limits of current communicative planning theory, there are still a lot to learn for the Chinese planners from this latest planning form. Taking the prevailing ‘strategic planning’in China (also a field which is intensively referred in the communicative planning theory) as an example, we briefly discuss the thoughts and experience which are worth learning by China’s contemporary planning system from the communicative planning.
①参见Altschuler,1965;Faludi,1973;Alexander,1985;Hirschman,1958,1967;Rittel&Webber,1973;Breheny and Hooper,1989;Meyerson&Banfield,1955;McLoughlin,1969等相关研究。
②参见福柯的《知识考古学》以及文集《真理的政治》。但是,实际上,对话语权的批判贯穿了福柯的研究始终,从其最早的《词与物》的秩序(order)到《癫狂与文明》的正常(normal)再到《生命政治的诞生》中的政府性(governmentality)都与真理和话语权密切相关。
③参见Hardin,1968;Rapaport&Chammah,1965;Rivlin,1971;Bardach,1977;Pressman&Wildavsky,1973;Christensen,1985;Altshuler,1965;Lee,1973等相关著述。
②参见Throgmorton,1991;Liggett,1991;Peattie,1987;Innes,1990;de Neufville,1975,1987;Christensen,1985;Baum,1983;Howe,1990,1992,1994;Bryson,1988;Crosby,1992,1993;Susskind&Cruikshank,1987等的研究。
①参见Bushop,1998;Dukes,1996;Susskind et.al.,1996,1999;以及前述沟通式规划理论主要学者的部分论文。
②更多其他学者从实践或理论的角度对沟通式规划的批判参见Fischler,2000;Huxley,2000;McGuirk,2001;Hillier,2003;Holgersen&Haarstad,2009;和Purcell,2009等的研究。
③尽管希利曾对这些批判作出过简要回应[参见:Healey P.Collaborative Planning in Perspective[J].Planning Theory,2003(2):101-123.],但是,这些批判仍有效力,尤其考虑到中国的制度背景。
②这一说法出自前哥伦比亚大学经济系教授特格韦尔(Tugwell)1939年在一次规划专家大会上的发言[引自:http://www.answers.com/topic/tugwell-rexford-guy;另参见:郑文武。规划:“第四种”国家权力的漫谈.http://www.szpl.gov.cn/main/gzcy/bjzm/200605100201852.shtml]。
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基本信息:
中图分类号:TU981
引用信息:
[1]王丰龙,陈倩敏,许艳艳,等.沟通式规划理论的简介,批判与借鉴[J].国际城市规划,2012,27(06):82-90.
基金信息:
香港研究资助局优配研究金(GRF)资助项目(编号:HKBU245008;HKBU244610);; 国家自然科学基金项目(40701041);; 教育部人文社会科学研究规划基金(12YJAGJW007)
2012-12-19
2012-12-19