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文章研究了1989至2003年间墨尔本港区规划话语在形式与内容上的基本变化。这一变化代表着与"常规范式"的一种根本上的背离。文章运用德勒兹与瓜塔里的哲学思想,解释了这些变化,表明这个规划过程如何从一个以场地、历史与社区为基础的阶段,经历了一个无限制的、无基础的以及梦幻般的"解域化"阶段,转向产生了新的身份与欲望的"再领域化"阶段。文章结尾阐述了,这一分析会对理解城市规划实践、规划与资本和欲望之间的关系、规划中权力的行使、城市研究中的"话语转向"以及德勒兹与瓜塔里的"内在性"优越于"先验性"观点对于规划的适用性等问题带来什么启示。
Abstract:This article examines fundamental changes in the form and content of Melbourne Docklands planning discourse,between 1989 and 2003,which would seem to represent a radical departure from planning's 'normal paradigm'.It draws on the philosophy of Deleuze and Guattari to provide an account of these changes,showing how the planning process moved from a grounding in site,history and community,through an unbounded,ungrounded and dream-like phase of 'deterritorialization', to a phase of 'reterritorialization'with the production of new identities and desires.It concludes by considering what this analysis entails for understandings of urban planning practice;planning's relationship to capital and desire;the exercise of power in planning;the 'discursive turn' in urban studies;and the relevance to planning of Deleuze and Guattari's privileging of 'immanence'over 'transcendence'.
[1]这里所使用的“常规的城市规划实践”一词是库恩(Kuhn,1970)的“常规的范例”意义上的,是指“理性的、综合的模式”,这一模式在迈耶森与拜得费欧德(Meyerson and Bandfield,1955)的著作中首次被清楚地说明。
[1]引申自德勒兹的空间思想——条纹空间和平滑空间。这对概念主要出自德勒兹和瓜塔里的《千高原》一书,书中指出:空间混杂着平滑与条纹的力量,涵盖政治、历史、文化、艺术、传媒诸多领域。条纹空间是以等级制、科层化、封闭结构和静态系统为特征,纵横交错着已设定的路线与轨迹,有判然而分的区域与边界。平滑空间意味着无中心化的组织结构,无高潮,无终点,处于变化和生成状态。平滑空间没有长期记忆,没有宏大理论和堂皇叙事,只有微观历史、微观社会学。平滑空间还指一种无拘无束、浩如烟海的空间,没有等级制的边界或分野,没有凌驾于其他事物之上的特权制和区域,因此更多地与无意识相关。它由欲望机器和力量流所充盈,更多地为事件所占据而不是为既定的事物所占据。——译者注,参考http://www.douban.com/group/topic/6144060/,20091223
[1]1995年的发展战略是“基于一个对投资者需求的谨慎评估”(DA,1995:2)。DA的行政长官之后解释道:“为开发者提供创造他们自己的项目以及应付他们自己的风险的机会是管理局的任务”(DA,1996a:7)。换句话说,确定土地的用途以及基础设施的设计的决定权是掌握在私有机构的手中。
[2]这样的批评在由墨尔本人民委员会(而不是墨尔本委员会)于11月下旬举办的关于港区规划的公众论坛上达到了顶峰。一个关键的关注点是商业保密条款使港区规划的公众监督几乎成为不可能。
[3]例如,虽然计划修正案通过立法确定在拜德曼山(Batman's Hill)地区的三个区域建筑可以达到32m,而该地区其他区域的建筑则限制在14m之内,规划框架却建议该地区不同区域的建筑高度应该控制在48m、80m以及120m。1998年,一栋560m高的塔接被获准在该区域建造。这项计划接下来在1999年失败了。类似的建筑高度限制上的差异可能在几乎所有其他地区也是存在的。
[4]例如,一篇刊登在墨尔本重要的大幅报纸《年代》上的社论,明显地将这些想象的图景与真实的规划相混淆,并建议读者“为最新的规划欢呼……政府看起来支持胜利者”(The Age,2 November 1996)。
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中图分类号:TU984
引用信息:
[1]斯蒂芬·伍德,黄晶,张慧若,等.欲望的港区:德勒兹与城市规划话语[J].国际城市规划,2010,25(05):60-72+95.
2010-10-19
2010-10-19