国际城市规划

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(1)“社会创新”一词由沃尔夫（Wolfe）于1920年代提出，最初被用来解释个体行为动机。1990年代初，社会创新的概念由察普夫（Zapf）正式确立，被定义为“值得被推广并制度化的社会解决方案”。此后，在汇集了众多学科交叉的思潮后，社会创新被认为旨在通过新概念、战略、计划或组织提供解决社会问题的有效方案。详见参考文献[5]。

(1)多功能农业在国际上的发展历程与重要事件可查阅文后二维码中材料。

(2)人与环境、人与人之间由共同目标或实践驱动而发生的决策信息生成、共享以及转译可以统称为“知识交换”。

(3) Not In My Backyard(NIMBY），也被译为“邻避症候群”“邻避问题”，通常指居民强烈反对在自己住处附近建立任何有不宜情形之事物，是社区营造中的普遍现象。

(1)社会农业包括照料农业和农场学校，最初由农耕守护健康倡议发起，后由“欧洲科技合作委员会-农业绿色关怀行动”（European Cooperation in Science and Technology-Action Green Care in Agriculture）和“欧盟社会农业项目”（EU Research Project So Far-Social Farming）资助在全欧推广。

(1)威尔士在2007-2020年两届“农村发展计划”（Rural Development Programme）的指导下，以提升当地农业竞争力为目的推动农企科技创新、创业活动。据统计，梅里奥尼德（Meirionydd）和库米斯特威斯地区的农企科创活动数量最为庞大，其中库米斯特威斯地区的普尔佩兰（Pwllpeiran）高地研究中心是目前英国唯一的公立高地农业实验区，该实验区长期致力于与高地农业多样化相关的知识转让。详见官方网站：https://www.aber.ac.uk/en/ibers/research-and-enterprise/pwllpeiran/。

(1)波拉尼（Polanyi）将知识分为显性（编码）和隐性（未编码）。显性知识以相对松散的方式转化为符号便于传播；而隐性知识的转移严格依赖于社会背景，因为它的来源是直接接触、合作和社会接触。两种知识常常动态转变，相互制约对方的出现、创造和转移。详见参考文献[25]。

(1)生活实验室建模器的内容详见官方网站：https://livinglabmodeler.eu/llm/#/llm/living-lab/7?tab No=0#tabs。

(2)该数据由作者于2023年6月提取自Gnomee官方网站（https://www.gnomee.eu/kbt/）。

(3)依托于国家重点研发计划项目，研究团队搜集并梳理了美丽乡村、田园综合体、农业示范/产业园共计340个实证案例的相关资料，详见文后二维码中补充材料2。

(1)此处的“网红”指的是“网红经济”，即通过网络直播、社交媒体分享等形式进行定向营销，从而将庞大的粉丝群体转化为购买力的过程。