| 5,715 | 343 | 170 |
| 下载次数 | 被引频次 | 阅读次数 |
城市空间活力营造作为城市设计的重要目标虽已被广泛讨论,但当前的研究过于繁复,难以高效指导城市设计实践。本文以城市形态学为基础,归纳城市空间活力营造的诸多经典城市设计理论,对促进城市活力的关键空间形态要素进行总结归纳,提出良好的街道可达性、适宜的建设强度与建筑形态、足够的功能混合度是促生城市活力的空间形态基础。随后通过空间句法等多种分析工具量化表述以上三点空间形态特征,并将其与城市活力的非空间形态表征——居民活动强度进行了实证比对,初步验证该假说的有效性。
Abstract：As an important goal of urban design, the creating of urban spatial vitality has been discussed for a long time. However, current findings tend to be too complicated to guide urban design projects effectively. This paper based on urban morphology to review various classical urban design theories on promoting spatial vitality and finally proposes essential morphological elements for designing vitality: the well values of street-network accessibility, building density and typology, and functional mixture. This hypothesis is then preliminary tested through quantified morphological description and behaviour intensity – a non-morphological feature of vitality.
[1]蒋涤非.城市形态活力论[M].东南大学出版社,2007.
[2]Ye Y,Van Nes A.Measuring Urban Maturation Processes in Dutch and Chinese New Towns:Combining Street Network Configuration with Building Density and Degree of Land Use Diversification Through GIS[J].The Journal of Space Syntax,2013,4(1):18-37.
[3]Lees L.Planning Urbanity?[J].Environment and Planning A,2010,42(10):2302-2308.
[4]Marcus L.Spatial Capital[J].The Journal of Space Syntax,2010,1(1):30-40.
[5]Ye Y,Van Nes A.Quantitative Tools in Urban Morphology:Combining Space Syntax,Spacematrix,and Mixed-use Index in a GIS Framework[J].Urban Morphology,2014,18(2):97-118.
[6]Jacobs J.The Death and Life of Great American Cities[M].Random House LLC,1961.
[7]Gehl J.Life Between Buildings[M].Arkitektens Forlag,1971.
[8]Rowley A.Definitions of Urban Design:The Nature and Concerns of Urban Design[J].Planning Practice and Research,1994,9(3):179-197.
[9]Carmona M.Public Places,Urban Spaces:The Dimensions of Urban Design[M].Routledge,2010.
[10]Trancik R.Finding Lost Space:Theories of Urban Design[M].John Wiley&Sons,1986.
[11]Montgomery J.Making a City:Urbanity,Vitality and Urban Design[J].Journal of Urban Design,1998,3(1):93-116.
[12]段进,邱国潮.国外城市形态学研究的兴起与发展[J].城市规划学刊,2008,5:34-42.
[13]Conzen M R G.Alnwick,Northumberland:A Study in Town-plan Analysis[J].Transactions and Papers(Institute of British Geographers),1960:iii-122.
[14]Conzen M R G.The Urban Landscape:Historical Development and Management;Papers by M.R.G.Conzen[M].Academic Press,1981.
[15]Cuthbert A.Designing Cities:Critical Readings in Urban Design[M].Blackwell Publishing,2003.
[16]Katz P,Scully V J,Bressi T W.The New Urbanism:Toward an Architecture of Community[M].New York:Mc Graw-Hill,1994.
[17]Hillier B,Hanson J.The Social Logic of Space[M].Cambridge:Cambridge University Press,1984.
[18]盛强.社区级活力中心分布的空间逻辑——以北京三环内222个街区内小商业聚集为例[J].国际城市规划,2012,6:61-68.
[19]Van den Hoek J.The MXI(Mixed use Index).An Instrument for Antisprawl Policy[C]//44th ISOCARP Congress,Dalian,China.2008.
[20]邵润青.空间句法轴线地图在方格路网城市应用中的空间单元分割方法改进[J].国际城市规划,2010,2:62-67.
[21]Berghauser Pont M,Haupt P.Spacematrix:Space,Density and Urban Form[M].NAI Publishers,2010.
[22]Schaick J,Spek S C.Urbanism on Track:Application of Tracking Technologies in Urbanism[M].IOS Press,2008.
[23]陈喆,马水静.关于城市街道活力的思考[J].建筑学报,2009,2.
[24]肖扬,Alain Chiaradia,宋小冬.空间句法在城市规划中应用的局限性及改善和扩展途径[J].城市规划学刊,2014,5.
[25]Van Nes A,Stolk E.Degrees of Sustainable Location of Railway Stations:Integrating Space Syntax and Node Place Value Model on Railway Stations in the Province Noord-Holland’s Strategic Plan for 2010-2040[C]//Proceedings of the 8th International Space Syntax Symposium,2012:1-25.
[26]Ye Y,Van Nes A.Measuring Urban Maturation Processes in Dutch and Chinese New Towns:Combining Street Network Configuration with Building Density and Degree of Land Use Diversification Through GIS[J].The Journal of Space Syntax,2013,4(1):18-37.
[27]Ye Y,Van Nes A.The Spatial Flaws of New Towns:Morphological Comparison Between a Chinese New and Old Town Through the Application of Space Syntax,Spacematrix and Mixed Use Index[J].A|Z ITU Journal of the Faculty of Architecture,2014,11(2):192-208.
[28]Joosten V,Van Nes A.How Block Types Influences the Natural Movement Economic Process:Micro-spatial Conditions on the Dispersal of Shops and Caféin Berlin[C]//5th International Space Syntax Symposium,Delft,The Netherlands,2005:13.
[29]叶宇,魏宗财,王海军.大数据时代的城市规划响应[J].规划师,2014,8:5-11.
(1)由英国城市学家希利尔(Bill Hillier)提出,将城市街道抽象为一组彼此相交的直线段,在此基础上计算和量化它们之间的拓扑连接关系(空间整合度),进而能够被用于解释街道的可达性、相关的经济活动分布以及街道活动[17,18]。
(2)由城市形态学家贝格豪泽-庞特(Berghauser-Pont)和豪普特(Haupt)提出,利用该方法对欧洲多个城市进行大样本分析,并构建起基于定量数据的城市形态分类标准。
(3)由荷兰规划师范德赫克(van den Hoek)提出[19]。
(1)文中基于GPS手持机的居民活动分析是荷兰代尔夫特理工大学硕士课程“人、步行者与公共空间”(People,Pedestrians and Public Spaces)的部分工作成果。其工作框架是斯特凡·范德斯佩克博士(Dr.Stefan van der Spek)在其参与领导的欧盟多国研究项目“空间轨道-步行化的城市空间网络”(SPATIAL METRO-A Network for Discovering the City on Foot)中发展和完善的。
文中未注明来源的图表均为作者绘制
基本信息:
中图分类号:TU984.113
引用信息:
[1]叶宇,庄宇,张灵珠,等.城市设计中活力营造的形态学探究——基于城市空间形态特征量化分析与居民活动检验[J].国际城市规划,2016,31(01):26-33.
基金信息:
国家自然科学基金(51178318)
2016-02-19
2016-02-19