| 1,706 | 71 | 111 |
| 下载次数 | 被引频次 | 阅读次数 |
宜居城市的核心理念之一是以人文本,即尊重居民的生活感受,把居民的幸福感作为衡量宜居城市建设成效的重要标尺。本文从居民幸福感的视角来理解宜居城市,以期帮助建设真正以人为本的宜居城市。文章从自然环境舒适性、服务设施便利性、人文环境舒适度三个维度解析宜居要素与居民幸福感之间的关系。同时,提出以居民幸福感为导向的宜居城市应当具备以下特点:关注个体生命体验的城市设计;关注不同群体,重视弱势人群的人文关怀;重视公众深度参与的城市规划。
Abstract：One of the core ideas of livable city is people oriented that city should respect resident's feeling of life, in other words, taking resident's happiness as a criterion to check if a city is livable. This paper tries to help understanding the connotation of livable city from the perspective of resident's happiness, and hope to offer some suggestions on how to make city more livable. Firstly, we analyze the relationship of happiness and elements of livability, including nature environment amenity, living convenience and human environment amenity. Then, we put forward three key characteristics of people oriented livable city.(1) Urban design should pay attention to individual's life experience, especially focus on how to improve resident's physical condition, build and maintain social network, make people enjoy leisure time.(2) More and more people care about vulnerable groups like the poor, migrants, children and the disabled.(3) Urban plan should value public participation in order to respect resident's life demand, as well as guarantee social equality and success of public facility plan.
[1]张文忠,谌丽,党云晓,等.和谐宜居城市建设的理论与实践[M].北京:科学出版社,2016.
[2]张文忠,尹卫红,张景秋,等.中国宜居城市研究报告[M].北京:社会科学文献出版社,2006.
[3]胡天新,杜澍,李壮.生活质量导向的城市规划:意义与特征[J].国际城市规划,2008(1).
[4]Diener E.Subjective Well-being[J].Psychological Bulletin,1984,95(3):542-575.
[5]Diener E,Suh E M,Lucas R E,et al.Subjective Well-being:Three Decades of Progress[J].Psychological Bulletin,1999,125(2):276-302.
[6]Okun M A,Stock W A,Haring M J,et al.Health and Subjective Wellbeing:A Meta-analysis[J].The International Journal of Aging&Human Development,1984,19(2):111-132.
[7]Campbell A,Converse P E,Rodgers W L,The Quality of American Life:Perceptions,Evaluations,and Satisfactions[M].New York:Russell Sage Foundation,1976.
[8]Clark A,Oswald A.Satisfaction and Comparison Income[J].Journal of Public Economics,1996,61:359-381.
[9]Diener E,Sandvik E,Seidlitz L,et al.The Relationship Between Income and Subjective Well-being:Relative or Absolute?[J].Social indicators Research,1993,28:195-223.
[10]Deeming C,Hayes D.Worlds of Welfare Capitalism and Wellbeing:A Multilevel Analysis[J].Journal of Social Policy,2012,41(04):811-829.
[11]Oswald A,Wu S.Well-being Across America:Evidence from a Random Sample of One Million US Citizens.University of Warwick Working Paper.2009.http://www2.warwick.ac.uk/fac/soc/economics/staff/academic/oswald/oswaldwuwell being2009.pdf.
[12]Mackerron G Mourato.Happiness is Greater in Natural Environments[J/OL].Global Environmental Change,2013.http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2013.03.010.
[13]Smyth R,Mishra V,Qian X.The Environment and Well-being in Urban China[J].Ecological Economics,2008,68:547-555.
[14]Welsh H.Environment and Happiness:Valuation of Air Pollution Using Life Satisfaction Data[J].Ecological Economics,2006,58:801-813.
[15]Mulligan G,Carruthers J I.Amenities,Qo L and Regional Development[M]//Marans R W,Stimson R J,eds.Investigating Quality of Urban Life.Dodrecht:Springer,2011:107-134.
[16]Mulligan G,Carruthers J,Cahill M.Urban Quality of Life and Public Policy:A Survey[M]//Roberta Capello,Peter Nijkamp,eds.Urban Dynamics and Growth:Advances in Urban Economics.Amsterdam:Elsevier,2004:729-802.
[17]Whisler R L,Waldorf B S,Mulligan G F,et al.Qo L and the Migration of the College-educated[J].Growth and Change,2008,39:58-94.
[18]Ruth Panelli,Gail Tipa.Placing Well-being:A Maori Case Study of Cultural and environmental Specificity[J].Eco Health,2007,4:445-60.
[19]Frey B,Stutzer A.Happiness and Economics[M].Princeton:Princeton University Press,2002.
[20]Ballas D,Dorling D.Measuring the Impact of Major Life Events upon Happiness[J].International Journal of Epidemiology,2007,36:1244-1252.
[21]Hill J O,Peters J C.Environmental Contributions to the Obesity Epidemic[J].Science,1998,280(5368),1371e1374.
[22]Zhang X,Lu H,Holt J B.Modeling Spatial Accessibility to Parks:A National Study[J].International Journal of Health Geographics,2011,10:1-14.
[23]Wang D,Schwanen T.Wellbeing,Social Contacts and Daily Activities[OL].[2016-5-15].h t t p://w w w.s c i e n c e.m c m a s t e r.c a/g e o/f a c u l t y/p a e z/frontiers/09.%20Wellbeing,%20social%20contact,%20and%20daily%20activities.pdf.
[24]威廉·洛尔.从地方到全球:美国社区规划100年[J].国际城市规划,2011(2).
[25]约翰·弗里德曼.走向美好城市的六大战略[J].国际城市规划,2015(6):1-4.
[26]Ahlbrandt R,Cunningham J.A New Public Policy for Neighborhood Preservation[M].New York:Praeger,1979.
[27]Mumford L.The Neighborhood and the Neighborhood Unit[J].Town Planning Review,1954,25(1):256-269.
[28]何艳玲.大国之城大城之伤[C].2015中国城市规划年会,2015.
[29]张庭伟,田莉,编.城市读本[M].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2013.
[30]道格·桑德斯.落脚城市[M].上海:上海译文出版社,2012.
[31]Joe L Frost.Play and Playscapes[M].台北:五南图书出版有限公司,1998.
[32]仙田满.儿童游戏环境现状[M].侯锦雄,译.台湾:田园城市文化事业有限公司,1996.
[33]Arnstein S.A Ladder of Citizen Participation[J].Journal of the American Planning Association,1969(4):216-224.
[34]Eversole R.Managing the Pitfalls of Participatory Development:Some Insights from Australia[J].World Development,2003,31(5):781-795.
基本信息:
中图分类号:TU984
引用信息:
[1]党云晓,周亚明.基于居民幸福感视角理解宜居城市[J].国际城市规划,2016,31(05):14-19.
基金信息:
国家自然科学基金重点项目“我国快速城市化地区人居环境演变规律与调控机制研究”(41230632)
2016-08-11
2016
2016-10-27
2016-11-11
2016
1
2016-10-19
2016-10-19