| 801 | 30 | 43 |
| 下载次数 | 被引频次 | 阅读次数 |
首先简要回顾了英国各类城市绿地类型的起源,继而讨论绿地标准概念的出现、发展,以及国家级和地方级的分类标准和标准的核心内容。就编制绿地标准而言,地方政府须严格遵循五个步骤,即:调查居民所需、评估绿地现状、设定绿地标准、运用标准和编制绿地标准规划文件。文章以欧洲最"绿"城市谢菲尔德为例,讨论了绿地标准的编制过程在实践中的运用。最后小结指出英国绿地标准及其编制步骤的体系较为成熟,既严谨又灵活,在国家统一框架下又因地制宜,从而提升了英国城市绿地规划建设水平,值得借鉴。
Abstract：The paper reviews the brief history of green space standard system in the UK, including its emerging, development, typology and core issues. As required by relevant national guidance, the local councils have responsibility to produce local green space standards and strategies, in five strict allocated steps: understanding requirements of local residents, assessing current situation, setting local green space standards, applying standards, producing green space standards planning documents. The ‘Greenest' city in Europe, Sheffield, is used as a case study, through which the process of producing local green space standards is discussed. The paper concludes that current green space standard system in the UK is mature, which is strict, in terms of national preparation requirements, and flexible to be applied locally. This system has improved the green spaces in cities since it had been introduced, which are valuable referential experience.
[1]Howard E.Garden Cities of Tomorrow[M].London:S.Sonnenschein&Co.,Ltd,1902:6-25.
[2]Gordon C,Shirley P.All Things to All People,Approaches to Design and Use of Urban Parks Are Evolving[J].Landscape Design,2003(3):13-17.
[3]Morphet J.Things to all People-Ma B Urban Forum.Unpublished Study by Birmingham University for Department of the Environment.[EB/OL].(1989)[2014-08-06].http://www.ukmaburbanforum.co.uk/docunents/papers/allthingldesign.pdf.
[4]DCLG.Planning Policy Guidance 17:Planning for Open Space,Sport and Recreation[R].London:DCLG,2006.
[5]London Planning Advisory Committee.Open Space Planning in London[R].London:LPAC,1992.
[6]Barber A.Sheffield Parks Regeneration Strategy[R].Sheffield:Cinteract Consultancy Service,1993.
[7]Box J,Harrison C.Natural Spaces in Urban Places[J].Town&Country Planning,1993,62(9):231-235.
[8]Greenhalgh E,Worpole K.Park Life:Urban Parks and Social Renewal[R].London:Comedia,1995.
[9]Department of the Environment Transport&Regions.Our Towns and Cities:The Future(Urban White Paper)[R].London:The Stationery Office.2000.
[10]Urban Task Force.Towards an Urban Renaissance[M].London:E.&F.N.Spon,1999.
[11]Urban Green Spaces Task Force.Green Spaces Better Places[R].London:UGSTF,2002.
[12]DCLG.Assessing Needs and Opportunities:A Companion Guide to PPG17[R].London:DCLG,2006.
[13]UK Parliament.Localism Act,2011[EB/OL].(2012-11-22).http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2011/20/contents/enacted.
[14]DCLG.National Planning Policy Framework[R].London:Department for Communities and Local Government,2012.
[15]Dunnett N,Swanwick C,Woolley H.Improving Urban Parks,Play Areas and Green Spaces[M].London:DTLR,2002:22-23.
[16]UK Parliament.Town and Country Planning Act,1990[EB/OL].[2013-12-25].http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1990/8/contents.
[17]CABE,Mayor of London.Open Space Strategies Best Practice Guidance.London:Greater London Authority,2008.
[18]Barber A.Planning Past,Present and Future[M].London:Urban Parks Forum,2002.
[19]Scottish Executive Social Research.Minimum Standards for Open Space[M].Edinburgh:Blackwell’s Bookshop,2005.
[20]DEFRA.The Natural Choice:Securing the Value of Nature[R].London:DEFRA,2011.
[21]Natural England.‘Nature Nearby’Accessible Natural Greenspace Guidance[R].London:Natural England,2011.
[22]Field in Trust.Guidance for Outdoor Sport and Play:Beyond the Six Acre Standard[EB/OL].[2016-04-25].http://www.fieldsintrust.org/guidance.
[23]The National Allotment Society.National Allotment Society Policies[EB/OL].[2016-04-25].http://www.nsalg.org.uk/resources-and-downloads/national-allotment-society-policies/.
[24]Bourn J.The Royal Parks:An Executive Agency[M].London:National Audit Office,2004.
[25]Field in Trust.Planning and Design for Outdoor Sports and Play[M].London:FIT,2009.
[26]CABE.Raising the Standard:The Green Flag Award Guidance Manual[R].Liverpool:Blackstrip Design,2009.
[27]Sheffield City Council.Assessment of Open Space,Outdoor Sports and Recreational Provision for Sheffield[R].Sheffield:Sheffield City Council,2008.
[28]Sheffield SDF Team.Sheffield Development Framework:Core Strategy[R].Sheffield:Sheffield City Council,2009.
[29]Sheffield City Council.Sheffield’s Great Outdoors:Green&Open Space Strategy 2010-2030[EB/OL].[2014-05-20].https://www.sheffield.gov.uk/out--about/parks-woodlands--countryside/green-and-open-space-strategy.html.
[30]Natural England.Green Infrastructure Guidance(NE176)[R].Worcester:Natural England,2009.
[31]Landscape Institute.Green Infrastructures:Connected and Multifunctional Landscape[R].London:LI,2009.
(1)本文所介绍的规划体系和绿地标准等内容主要适用于英格兰和威尔士地区。为方便阅读,本文统一用“英国”来指称。
基本信息:
中图分类号:TU985.5
引用信息:
[1]邓位,李翔.英国城市绿地标准及其编制步骤[J].国际城市规划,2017,32(06):20-26.