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夏洛特市作为美国新南方城市的代表，在过去20多年间深受精明增长理论的影响，城市经济取得长足发展，其城市结构、交通体系和开放空间系统也发生了根本性变化。本文解析了精明增长理念引导下的规划政策实施过程以及在公平、环境和经济方面取得的积极效应，并着重分析了在制度和空间方面决定精明增长政策目标有效落实的影响因素，即非政府机构“市中心合伙人”的治理方式及其引导下形成的具有明显经济社会效应的新型开放空间形态。笔者希望从精明增长理念的视角为大中型城市在后工业化时代的可持续发展提供具体的策略指引。
Abstract：As one of the New South cities in the United States, Charlotte has been influenced by the smart growth theory and experienced rapid economic and population growth in the last two decades. Its urban structure, transportation system, and open space system have also undergone fundamental transformations.This paper analyzes the implementation process of planning policy on smart growth and its positive effects on equity, environment and economy. It also focuses on the factors that determine the effective implementation of smart growth policies. Charlotte Center City Partners is the key organization to guarantee the implementation of planning policy; and the Light Rail public space system represents a key area to implement the smart growth policies with positive economic and social impacts. It aims to shed new lights on the sustainable development of cities under post-industrial transition.
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(1)在美国，城市规划作为公共政策，维持社会公平是其基本目标，环境可持续性和经济促进是建立在社会公平的基础之上，这深刻影响了规划职能的分工和实施。
(1)“市中心合伙人”的官方主页明确表明：“对夏洛特市中心的愿景是使之成为一个有生命力的、可居性强的、令人难忘的、可持续发展的城区，具备现代基础设施，由具有不同文化个性的社区以及多种多样的繁荣商业组成。我们展望和执行相关的策略和行动以推进夏洛特市中心的经济、社会和文化的发展。该愿景建立在推动我们城市的持续增长、步行友好以及充满舒适和有趣的社区的基础上，它必须鼓励混合增长，并在公共利益和私营投资之间取得平衡。”详见：https://www.charlottecentercity.org/about-us/。
基本信息:
DOI：10.19830/j.upi.2019.541
中图分类号:TU982
引用信息:
[1]林中杰,李明峻,解文龙,等.美国新南方城市的精明增长机制——以夏洛特开放空间拓展为例[J].国际城市规划,2022,37(01):62-69.DOI:10.19830/j.upi.2019.541.
基金信息:
国家自然科学基金（51878428）; 宾夕法尼亚大学CREF中国研究基金资助
2020-11-06
2020-11-06
2020-11-06