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在这篇文章中，作者思考了“组装”能给城市概念提供什么。尽管在地理学和其他领域，组装正越来越流行，但很少有人思考它如何被概念化以及它的独特性会是什么。在提出组装概念的过程中，作者在组装与围绕着居住~((1))的特定争论之间展开对话。作者认为，首先，组装为将城市视作居住过程提供了有用的基础。其次，组装对于将城市空间性构想为过程的、关系的、流动的和不平等的性质特别有效。尽管它们有不同的思想历史，但作者认为，将组装与居住进行对话，可以产生富有成效的辩论。作者考察了一些组装和居住可能相互作用的方式，并反思了在圣保罗和孟买展开的田野调查的特定环节，以及从“贫民窟”住房到城市政策与流动性的各种案例。
Abstract：In this paper, the author considers what “assemblage” might offer a conception of the city. Although assemblage is gaining currency in geography and beyond, there has been little effort to consider how it might be conceptualized and what its specificity might be. In offering a conceptualization of assemblage, the author brings assemblage into conversation with particular debates around dwelling and argue, first, that assemblage provides a useful basis for thinking of the city as a dwelling process and, second, that it is particularly useful for conceiving the spatiality of the city as processual, relational, mobile, and unequal.Despite their distinct intellectual histories, the author suggests there is a productive debate to be had by bringing assemblage and dwelling into dialogue. The author examines some of the ways in which assemblage and dwelling might interact and reflect on particular moments of fieldwork conducted in S?o Paulo and Mumbai and on diverse examples ranging from “slum” housing to urban policy and mobility.
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(1)本文阐述了组装概念与海德格尔的“居住”（Wohen/dwelling）概念的关系。“居住”是海德格尔1951年著名演讲“筑·居住·思”（Bauen Wohen Denken）的主题。以孙周兴为代表的国内学界将此概念翻译为“栖居”，但邓晓芒质疑了这一译法，他将之翻译为“居住”（参见邓晓芒.海德格尔《筑·居住·思》句读[M].邓晓芒.西方哲学探赜：邓晓芒自选集.上海：上海文艺出版社，2014:326-327。本文沿用了邓晓芒的译法。此外，作者还多次使用inhabit及其衍生词inhabitation, inhabiting，本文将之译为“定居”。——译者注
(1)urbanism在本文中的含义是“城市居民的生活方式”，为简化行文，译文沿用了“城市主义”的直译。——译者注
(1)“居住”(dwelling)、“场所”（place）等延伸自海德格尔存在主义的概念往往和回忆、静态、乡愁等涵义联系在一起，其空间边界是封闭的、有界的，其身份认同是固定的、单一意义的。此处“泥土的”一词影射了这种内涵。受后结构主义影响的文化地理学强烈批判这种本质主义的“居住”和“场所”观念，例如：马西在《空间、地方与性别》中提出了“全球场所感”以批评传统静态、永恒的“场所感”。本文麦克法兰引入组装概念，同样批判了旧的“居住”和“场所”概念，改造了它们的固定、静止、封闭的内涵。——译者注
(2)“潜在”（the virtual）是组装概念以及德勒兹哲学体系的重要概念。潜在与现实（the actual）共同构成了实在（the real）。详细解释参考本专辑文章《组装理论与城市研究》P16的具体阐释。这里，麦克法兰表达的是“潜在”和“现实”的纠缠，他将“潜在”表述为“可能”。细究起来，这种表达并不符合德勒兹哲学表述，纠正这一错误要深入德勒兹哲学体系中，展开详细复杂的概念辨析。此处我们可以按照麦克法兰的表达简化理解。——译者注
(3)本文没有空间详细说明这些联系，关于这方面的讨论，请参考McFARLANE C. Assemblage and critical urbanism[J]. City:2011, 15(2):204-224.
(1)例如法里阿斯（Farías,2019）基于德勒兹和瓜塔里（1981）的agencement（组装）概念——不同元素的联合，以组装为基础去中心化城市，并将城市主义描述为生成、社会技术网络化、异质集体的过程多元体。参考本专辑法里阿斯,“都市研究对象的去中心化”，原文译自FARíAS I.Introduction:decentring the object of urban studies[M]//Urban assemblages:how Actor-network Theory changes urban studies. 2009:1-24.
(2)译文参考德勒兹,帕尔奈.对话[M].董树宝，译.郑州：河南大学出版社, 2018:103.译文有调整,下文翻译引用来源相同。——译者注
(1)部署（dispositif）是福柯创造的术语，也被译为“装置”，用来指制度、机制和逻辑的复杂混合体。部署指要素（如实践）被部署和安排（处置）的方式，以及既实现实践，又被实践支持和实现的态度、知识和话语。因此，部署具有策略功能。它通常与控制、维护和强化权力关系联结在一起。——译者注
(1)海德格尔认为后世以“技术”来翻译希腊词语τ?χν■实为大错，而应当译之为“生产”或者“带出来”（Hervorbringen），后者不是狭义的技术制作，而是广义的“让显现”。参考海德格尔.演讲与论文集[M].孙周兴，译.北京:商务印书馆, 2018:174.——译者注
(2)译文参考海德格尔.演讲与论文集[M].孙周兴，译.北京：商务印书馆, 2018:174.——译者注
(1)作者注：我很感谢一位匿名评论人提出的这一点。
(2)translation是ANT理论的重要概念和联系原则。详见本专辑文章《组装理论与城市研究》P16页的具体阐述。——译者注
(3)“合用性”“使用交往的寻视”（the circumspection of the dealings in which we use them）的说法源于海德格尔. HEIDEGGER M. Being and time[M].New York:Harper and Row, 1962:102，译文参考海德格尔.存在与时间[M].陈嘉映，王节庆，译.北京：三联书店出版社, 2006:86.——译者注
(4)参见DOVEY K. Becoming Places[M]. London:Routledge, 2010,第6章的例子。
(5)原文英文ready-to-hand是对海德格尔的《存在与时间》中的概念zuhanded的英译。陈嘉映、王庆节在《存在与时间》的中译本中将ready-tohand/zuhanded译为“上手的”“上到手头的”“当下上手的”。Zuhanded/ready-to-hand区别于vorhanded/present-at-hand（现成事物、现成的东西）。在海德格尔的词汇中，普通日常性的世界并不是“现成在手/现成的”对象的集合，不是刚刚发生的事情的集合，而是一种关系的整体语境，是“上手的”。——译者注
(1)注意力教育（education of attention）是心理学家詹姆斯·吉布森感知学习理论的重要概念。吉布森认为感知学习的关键是注意力教育——学习关注哪些变量，忽略哪些变量。通过实践和体验，关注被微调向相关信息。英文的attention一语双关，既有注意力的意思，又有参与的涵义。参见GIBSON E J, SPELKE E S. The development of perception[M]//FLAVELL J H, MARKMAN E, eds. Handbook of child psychology, Vol. 3. New York:Wiley, 1983。——译者注
(2)这是一个不同的工作体系，虽有内部差异，但包含多样的思想家，如海德格尔、维特根斯坦、布迪厄和福柯，到巴特勒、泰勒和沙茨基（Schatzki）；参见Harrison[46]、Schatzki[47]、Shove et al[48]。
(3)“此在”（Dasein）是海德格尔在《存在与时间》中提出的哲学概念，da是“此时此地”、sein是存在，指某一有限时间内存在。“此在”强调人的存在是具身的、历史的和情境化的，而不是抽象的、普适的，是在特定时间和空间中展开的。“此在”关注的是人的生存体验和存在方式。——译者注
(1)作者此处借用了ANT的重要概念“铭文”，该概念出自拉图尔和伍尔加《实验室生活》一书。Inscription的核心含义是（书面地）记录。实验室研究的成果——论文依赖于图表与数据这样的铭文。图表与数据可以脱离中间的物质活动以及通常漫长而昂贵的转化过程的所有方面，直接表征“原始实体”（original substance）。用于记录这些铭文的设备被称为“铭文装置”，它可以把物质材料转化为数字和图表供办公区成员使用。参见拉图尔,伍尔加.实验室生活[M].修丁,译.上海:华东师范大学出版社, 2023:48.——译者注
(1)作者此处借用了马西（Massey）的术语“被抛掷在一起”的说法。参见MASSEY D. For space[M]. London:Sage, 2005:149-162。——译者注
(2)参见对比的例子：Graham(2010)、 King(2004)、 McCann&Ward(2011)、 Nasr&Volait(2003)。
基本信息:
DOI：10.19830/j.upi.2024.416
中图分类号:TU984
引用信息:
[1]科林·麦克法兰,杨舢.作为组装的城市——居住与城市空间[J].国际城市规划,2025,40(01):35-48.DOI:10.19830/j.upi.2024.416.
基金信息:
国家自然科学基金项目（51878327）
2024-12-13
2024-12-13
2024-12-13