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介绍美国佛罗里达州的公共设施同步性政策,就公共设施配置的规划控制、资金筹措和法律保障等与政策设计密切相关的问题展开分析。在分析中美两国土地制度差异的基础上,提出应使公共设施配置从开发项目“配套”的角色,转变为“控制”和“引导”城市土地开发的政策工具;而“净地”和“熟地”出让则有利于发挥我国土地制度的优势。
Abstract：This paper introduces the Florida's concurrency system and analyses some important issues including the planning control, capital revenue and statutory base, which are closely related to policy design of public facilities delivery. Based on the analysis of Sino-American land use regulation, the role of public facilities delivery should be transferred from supporting to regulating and leading the urban land use. In China, provision of basic public facilities prior to the land transfer is conducive to play the advantage of land use regulation.
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(1)开发许可:美国城市规划实施管理要求任何建筑物的新建、改建、扩建、拆除都必须向政府有关部门申请施工许可。要获得施工许可,首先必须获得土地使用许可、规划管理许可和其他许可。规划管理许可一般主要对建筑物的外形、层高、体量、风格等进行控制,佛罗里达州同步性政策是州层面在规划管理许可环节增加了对公共设施配置的控制要求。
(2)对于同步性政策中公共设施的界定:根据1985年佛罗里达州《增长管理法案》要求强制实施同步性政策的公共设施仅限于交通、给排水、垃圾收集和休闲开放空间,各地方政府可根据自身条件增加教育、医疗等公共设施。
(1)“生地”和“熟地”、“毛地”和“净地”是俗称,在正式法律文件中并无明确界定。本文参考杨震、赵民在《论市场经济下居住区公共服务设施的建设方式》中的定义:按土地开发的程度分为“生地”出让和“熟地”出让。所谓“生地”出让,指被拍卖的土地不具备三通一平或七通一平的条件;所谓“熟地”出让,指被拍卖的土地已具备三通一平或七通一平的条件。按公共设施的配套条件分为“毛地”出让和“净地”出让,“毛地”出让专指在居住区开发的土地出让条件中,由开发者承担所有配套设施建设的出让方式;“净地”出让则指在居住区开发的土地出让条件中,由政府而不是开发者承担诸如中、小学等主要公共服务设施建设的出让方式。
基本信息:
中图分类号:TU984
引用信息:
[1]邵琳.美国佛罗里达州公共设施同步性政策及借鉴意义[J].国际城市规划,2016,31(01):34-38.
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